diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_09_07_071046_add_deleted_at_profile_idindex_to_notifications_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_09_07_071046_add_deleted_at_profile_idindex_to_notifications_table.php
index 656329ddc..ec4e33efd 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_09_07_071046_add_deleted_at_profile_idindex_to_notifications_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_09_07_071046_add_deleted_at_profile_idindex_to_notifications_table.php
@@ -1,39 +1,59 @@
 <?php
 
 use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
 
 return new class extends Migration
 {
-    /**
-     * Run the migrations.
-     */
+    protected string $table = 'notifications';
+
+    protected string $index = 'notifications_profile_deleted_id_index';
+
+    protected array $columns = ['profile_id', 'deleted_at', 'id'];
+
     public function up(): void
     {
-        if (DB::getDriverName() === 'sqlite') {
+        // MySQL/MariaDB: use online DDL (INPLACE/LOCK=NONE) so index creation
+        // does not block writes on large instances. Other drivers (pgsql,
+        // sqlite) use the portable schema builder, which emits correct
+        // dialect-specific SQL.
+        if (in_array(DB::getDriverName(), ['mysql', 'mariadb'], true)) {
+            $columns = collect($this->columns)
+                ->map(fn ($column) => "`{$column}`")
+                ->implode(', ');
+
+            DB::statement("
+                ALTER TABLE `{$this->table}`
+                ADD INDEX `{$this->index}` ({$columns}),
+                ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
+                LOCK=NONE
+            ");
+
             return;
         }
 
-        DB::statement('
-            ALTER TABLE `notifications`
-            ADD INDEX `notifications_profile_deleted_id_index`
-                (`profile_id`, `deleted_at`, `id`),
-            ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
-            LOCK=NONE
-        ');
+        Schema::table($this->table, function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->index($this->columns, $this->index);
+        });
     }
 
     public function down(): void
     {
-        if (DB::getDriverName() === 'sqlite') {
+        if (in_array(DB::getDriverName(), ['mysql', 'mariadb'], true)) {
+            DB::statement("
+                ALTER TABLE `{$this->table}`
+                DROP INDEX `{$this->index}`,
+                ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
+                LOCK=NONE
+            ");
+
             return;
         }
 
-        DB::statement('
-            ALTER TABLE `notifications`
-            DROP INDEX `notifications_profile_deleted_id_index`,
-            ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
-            LOCK=NONE
-        ');
+        Schema::table($this->table, function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropIndex($this->index);
+        });
     }
 };
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_09_07_080905_add_media_delete_index.php b/database/migrations/2026_09_07_080905_add_media_delete_index.php
index 85365329b..4a10e8fca 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_09_07_080905_add_media_delete_index.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_09_07_080905_add_media_delete_index.php
@@ -1,36 +1,59 @@
 <?php
 
 use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
 
 return new class extends Migration
 {
+    protected string $table = 'media';
+
+    protected string $index = 'media_unoptimized_recent_index';
+
+    protected array $columns = ['processed_at', 'remote_url', 'deleted_at', 'created_at', 'id'];
+
     public function up(): void
     {
-        if (DB::getDriverName() === 'sqlite') {
+        // MySQL/MariaDB: use online DDL (INPLACE/LOCK=NONE) so index creation
+        // does not block writes on large instances. Other drivers (pgsql,
+        // sqlite) use the portable schema builder, which emits correct
+        // dialect-specific SQL.
+        if (in_array(DB::getDriverName(), ['mysql', 'mariadb'], true)) {
+            $columns = collect($this->columns)
+                ->map(fn ($column) => "`{$column}`")
+                ->implode(', ');
+
+            DB::statement("
+                ALTER TABLE `{$this->table}`
+                ADD INDEX `{$this->index}` ({$columns}),
+                ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
+                LOCK=NONE
+            ");
+
             return;
         }
 
-        DB::statement('
-            ALTER TABLE `media`
-            ADD INDEX `media_unoptimized_recent_index`
-                (`processed_at`, `remote_url`, `deleted_at`, `created_at`, `id`),
-            ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
-            LOCK=NONE
-        ');
+        Schema::table($this->table, function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->index($this->columns, $this->index);
+        });
     }
 
     public function down(): void
     {
-        if (DB::getDriverName() === 'sqlite') {
+        if (in_array(DB::getDriverName(), ['mysql', 'mariadb'], true)) {
+            DB::statement("
+                ALTER TABLE `{$this->table}`
+                DROP INDEX `{$this->index}`,
+                ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
+                LOCK=NONE
+            ");
+
             return;
         }
 
-        DB::statement('
-            ALTER TABLE `media`
-            DROP INDEX `media_unoptimized_recent_index`,
-            ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
-            LOCK=NONE
-        ');
+        Schema::table($this->table, function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropIndex($this->index);
+        });
     }
 };
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_09_10_000000_add_user_id_size_index_to_media_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_09_10_000000_add_user_id_size_index_to_media_table.php
index 8b03d359b..5f7af529d 100644
--- a/database/migrations/2026_09_10_000000_add_user_id_size_index_to_media_table.php
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_09_10_000000_add_user_id_size_index_to_media_table.php
@@ -1,44 +1,65 @@
 <?php
 
 use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
 
 return new class extends Migration
 {
+    protected string $table = 'media';
+
+    protected string $index = 'media_user_id_size_index';
+
+    protected array $columns = ['user_id', 'size'];
+
     /**
      * Add a covering index for per-user storage aggregation.
      *
      * `SUM(size) WHERE user_id = ?` (UserStorageService::calculateStorageUsed)
      * previously required a full table scan because media.user_id was not
      * indexed. The composite (user_id, size) lets the aggregate be served
-     * entirely from the index. Uses INPLACE/LOCK=NONE so it does not block
-     * writes on large instances.
+     * entirely from the index. On MySQL/MariaDB this uses INPLACE/LOCK=NONE so
+     * it does not block writes on large instances; other drivers use the
+     * portable schema builder.
      */
     public function up(): void
     {
-        if (DB::getDriverName() === 'sqlite') {
+        if (in_array(DB::getDriverName(), ['mysql', 'mariadb'], true)) {
+            $columns = collect($this->columns)
+                ->map(fn ($column) => "`{$column}`")
+                ->implode(', ');
+
+            DB::statement("
+                ALTER TABLE `{$this->table}`
+                ADD INDEX `{$this->index}` ({$columns}),
+                ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
+                LOCK=NONE
+            ");
+
             return;
         }
 
-        DB::statement('
-            ALTER TABLE `media`
-            ADD INDEX `media_user_id_size_index` (`user_id`, `size`),
-            ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
-            LOCK=NONE
-        ');
+        Schema::table($this->table, function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->index($this->columns, $this->index);
+        });
     }
 
     public function down(): void
     {
-        if (DB::getDriverName() === 'sqlite') {
+        if (in_array(DB::getDriverName(), ['mysql', 'mariadb'], true)) {
+            DB::statement("
+                ALTER TABLE `{$this->table}`
+                DROP INDEX `{$this->index}`,
+                ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
+                LOCK=NONE
+            ");
+
             return;
         }
 
-        DB::statement('
-            ALTER TABLE `media`
-            DROP INDEX `media_user_id_size_index`,
-            ALGORITHM=INPLACE,
-            LOCK=NONE
-        ');
+        Schema::table($this->table, function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropIndex($this->index);
+        });
     }
 };