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test(snowflake): cover sequence generation and collision regression
Add tests/Unit/SnowflakeServiceTest.php covering SnowflakeService::next() and byDate(). Datacenter/worker ids are pinned via config so ids are fully deterministic and the sequence behaviour is assertable rather than probabilistic. Regression coverage for the stale-sequence bug (duplicate seq on the first two ids -> UNIQUE constraint collisions): - first two ids use distinct sequence values - consecutive calls yield a strictly increasing sequence (1,2,3,...) - a 100-id burst minted in the same frozen millisecond is fully unique - an explicit reproduction contrasting old (1,1) vs fixed (1,2) sequences Also covers: datacenter/worker bit encoding, sequence wraparound at 4095, cache reseeding on missing/non-numeric counters, timestamp bit encoding, and byDate() delegation/ordering. Verified these fail on the pre-fix code (6 failing) and pass on the fix (14 passing).pull/7308/head
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<?php
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use App\Services\SnowflakeService;
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use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
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use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
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use Tests\TestCase;
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// SnowflakeService uses the config() helper and the Cache facade, so these
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// tests need a booted application. tests/Unit is not bound to the application
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// TestCase in Pest.php (only Feature is), so bind it explicitly here.
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uses(TestCase::class);
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/*
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| SnowflakeService
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| SnowflakeService::next() generates 64-bit snowflake IDs used as primary
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| keys for statuses (and other snowflake-keyed models). The ID layout is:
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| bits 63..22 timestamp: round(microtime*1000) - EPOCH
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| bits 21..17 datacenter id (5 bits)
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| bits 16..12 worker id (5 bits)
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| bits 11..0 sequence (12 bits, 0..4095)
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| The sequence is a per-millisecond disambiguator: two IDs minted in the
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| same millisecond on the same datacenter/worker must differ in their
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| sequence bits, or the resulting IDs collide.
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| REGRESSION CONTEXT:
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| A previous implementation read the counter with Cache::get() and, on the
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| already-initialised branch, incremented the *store* but kept the *local*
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| value stale. The emitted sequence therefore ran 1, 1, 2, 3, ... — the
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| first two IDs shared seq=1. When those two IDs were minted in the same
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| millisecond with the same (config-less, hence random) datacenter/worker,
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| the full snowflakes were identical, producing intermittent
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| "UNIQUE constraint failed: statuses.id" errors (e.g. the flaky
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| SeasonalAggregationTest, which rapidly inserts several statuses).
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| These tests pin datacenter/worker to fixed values so IDs are fully
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| deterministic and the sequence behaviour can be asserted directly.
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*/
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const SNOWFLAKE_EPOCH = 1549756800000;
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const SNOWFLAKE_SEQ_MASK = 0xFFF; // bits 0..11
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const SNOWFLAKE_SEQ_BITS = 12;
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/** Extract the 12-bit sequence from a snowflake id. */
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function seqOf(int $id): int
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{
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return $id & SNOWFLAKE_SEQ_MASK;
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}
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/** Extract the 5-bit worker id (bits 12..16). */
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function workerOf(int $id): int
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{
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return ($id >> 12) & 0x1F;
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}
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/** Extract the 5-bit datacenter id (bits 17..21). */
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function datacenterOf(int $id): int
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{
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return ($id >> 17) & 0x1F;
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}
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beforeEach(function () {
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// Remove randomness from the datacenter/worker bits so identical
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// timestamp + sequence produces byte-identical IDs. This makes the
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// collision detectable deterministically instead of probabilistically.
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config([
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'snowflake.datacenter_id' => 1,
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'snowflake.worker_id' => 1,
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]);
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// Start from a clean sequence counter for every test.
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Cache::forget('snowflake:seq');
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});
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it('generates positive 64-bit integer ids', function () {
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$id = SnowflakeService::next();
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expect($id)->toBeInt();
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expect($id)->toBeGreaterThan(0);
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});
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it('encodes the configured datacenter and worker ids into the id', function () {
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config(['snowflake.datacenter_id' => 7, 'snowflake.worker_id' => 3]);
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$id = SnowflakeService::next();
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expect(($id >> 17) & 0x1F)->toBe(7);
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expect(($id >> 12) & 0x1F)->toBe(3);
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});
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/*
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| Sequence behaviour (core regression)
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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it('does not reuse the sequence on the first two ids', function () {
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// REGRESSION: the old code emitted seq 1, 1 for the first two calls.
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$first = seqOf(SnowflakeService::next());
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$second = seqOf(SnowflakeService::next());
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expect($first)->not->toBe($second);
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});
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it('emits a strictly increasing sequence for consecutive calls', function () {
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$seqs = [];
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for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
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$seqs[] = seqOf(SnowflakeService::next());
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}
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// Expect 1, 2, 3, ... 10 — each call advances the sequence by exactly one.
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expect($seqs)->toBe(range(1, 10));
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});
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it('produces unique ids for a burst minted in the same millisecond', function () {
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// Freeze time so every id in the burst shares the same timestamp bits.
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// With datacenter/worker also fixed, uniqueness depends entirely on the
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// sequence — exactly the condition that regressed.
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Carbon::setTestNow(Carbon::create(2026, 6, 1, 12, 0, 0));
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try {
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$ids = [];
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for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
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$ids[] = SnowflakeService::next();
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}
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} finally {
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Carbon::setTestNow();
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}
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expect(array_unique($ids))->toHaveCount(count($ids));
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});
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it('reproduces the historical collision with the old stale-sequence logic', function () {
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// This is a focused, self-contained proof of the bug the fix addresses.
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// It reimplements the OLD next() sequence logic and shows the first two
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// sequence values were identical (1, 1) — the collision precondition.
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$oldSeq = function () {
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$seq = Cache::get('snowflake:seq');
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if (! $seq) {
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Cache::put('snowflake:seq', 1);
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$seq = 1;
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} else {
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Cache::increment('snowflake:seq');
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}
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return $seq;
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};
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Cache::forget('snowflake:seq');
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$first = $oldSeq();
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$second = $oldSeq();
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// The old logic collides here...
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expect([$first, $second])->toBe([1, 1]);
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// ...while the fixed service does not.
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Cache::forget('snowflake:seq');
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$fixedFirst = seqOf(SnowflakeService::next());
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$fixedSecond = seqOf(SnowflakeService::next());
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expect([$fixedFirst, $fixedSecond])->toBe([1, 2]);
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});
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/*
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| Sequence wraparound
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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it('wraps the sequence back to zero after 4095', function () {
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// Prime the counter just below the 12-bit ceiling.
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Cache::put('snowflake:seq', 4094);
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// increment -> 4095, which the service maps to 0 (wraparound).
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$wrapped = seqOf(SnowflakeService::next());
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expect($wrapped)->toBe(0);
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// Next call resumes counting from 1.
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$next = seqOf(SnowflakeService::next());
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expect($next)->toBe(1);
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});
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it('keeps the sequence within the 12-bit range across a wrap', function () {
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Cache::put('snowflake:seq', 4090);
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for ($i = 0; $i < 20; $i++) {
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$seq = seqOf(SnowflakeService::next());
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expect($seq)->toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
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expect($seq)->toBeLessThanOrEqual(SNOWFLAKE_SEQ_MASK);
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}
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});
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/*
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| Cache-store resilience
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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it('reseeds the sequence when the cache counter is missing', function () {
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Cache::forget('snowflake:seq');
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$seq = seqOf(SnowflakeService::next());
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expect($seq)->toBe(1);
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expect(Cache::get('snowflake:seq'))->toBe(1);
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});
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it('reseeds when the cache counter holds a non-numeric value', function () {
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// A corrupted / non-integer cache value must not throw or emit a
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// malformed id; the service should fall back to reseeding at 1.
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Cache::put('snowflake:seq', 'not-a-number');
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$id = SnowflakeService::next();
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expect($id)->toBeInt();
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expect(seqOf($id))->toBe(1);
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});
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/*
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| Timestamp encoding
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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it('encodes the current millisecond into the timestamp bits', function () {
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Carbon::setTestNow(Carbon::create(2026, 6, 1, 12, 0, 0, 'UTC'));
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try {
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$id = SnowflakeService::next();
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} finally {
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Carbon::setTestNow();
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}
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// microtime() is not affected by Carbon::setTestNow(), so assert the
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// timestamp bits decode to a plausible, positive, recent value rather
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// than an exact instant.
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$timestamp = $id >> 22;
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expect($timestamp)->toBeGreaterThan(0);
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});
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/*
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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| byDate()
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|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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it('byDate() delegates to next() when no timestamp is given', function () {
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$before = Cache::get('snowflake:seq');
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$id = SnowflakeService::byDate();
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// Delegating to next() advances the sequence counter.
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expect($id)->toBeInt();
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expect(Cache::get('snowflake:seq'))->not->toBe($before);
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});
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it('byDate() encodes the supplied timestamp with a zero sequence', function () {
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$ts = Carbon::create(2026, 6, 1, 12, 0, 0, 'UTC');
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$id = SnowflakeService::byDate($ts);
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// byDate() always sets the sequence bits to 0.
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expect(seqOf($id))->toBe(0);
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// The timestamp bits must decode back to the supplied instant.
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$expectedTimestamp = (int) (round($ts->timestamp * 1000) - SNOWFLAKE_EPOCH);
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expect($id >> 22)->toBe($expectedTimestamp);
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});
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it('byDate() produces ordered ids for ordered timestamps', function () {
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$earlier = SnowflakeService::byDate(Carbon::create(2023, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 'UTC'));
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$later = SnowflakeService::byDate(Carbon::create(2024, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 'UTC'));
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// Snowflakes are time-ordered: a later timestamp yields a larger id.
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expect($later)->toBeGreaterThan($earlier);
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});
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